From captivity to recovery: Successful reintroduction of the extinct-in-the-wild Zoogoneticus tequila into its natural habitat

Abstract:

" Human activities have significantly altered ecosystems, resulting in rapid biodiversity loss and extinction rates. Ex situ conservation is a vital strategy for the recovery of species classified as Extinct in the Wild. Despite skepticism due to low success rates in reintroduction projects, the reintroduction of Zoogoneticus tequila has been a notable triumph for a freshwater fish once considered extinct in its natural habitat. The reintroduction process followed four phases: (1) ex situ research, increasing the number of captive-bred individuals, and preparing them for a life in the wild, (2) identification of suitable reintroduction sites, (3) release of fish into the reintroduction site, (4) long-term monitoring of released individuals. The chosen habitat in the upper Teuchitlán River proved suitable with relatively healthy environmental conditions. Seven years of post-release monitoring revealed that the species demonstrated remarkable adaptability to semi-natural and wild environments, thriving despite initial challenges, genetic bottlenecks, and environmental pressures. Additionally, the species extended its range through the colonization of nearby springs. This study highlights the potential of ex situ conservation for reversing extinction when paired with rigorous research protocols. Zoogoneticus tequila, once classified as Extinct in the Wild, is now listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List with an increasing population, demonstrating the success of this conservation approach. "